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The impact of preterm adversity on cardiorespiratory function.

Fiona B McDonald^1,2, Eugene M Dempsey^2,3, Ken D O'Halloran^1,2

¹Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.

Experimental Physiology

|October 19, 2019

Summary

Preterm infants face cardiorespiratory challenges due to oxygen dysregulation and immune activation. Neonatal animal models reveal how early-life stress impacts neurodevelopment and cardiorespiratory homeostasis.

Keywords:

apnoea of prematurity early life hyperoxia intermittent hypoxia neonatal preterm stress

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Area of Science:

Neonatal physiology
Cardiorespiratory system
Developmental neuroscience

Background:

Preterm birth is a major cause of neonatal mortality.
Surviving infants experience short- and long-term morbidities due to early-life stress.
Oxygen dysregulation (hypoxia, hyperoxia) is a primary concern for cardiorespiratory adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the influence of prematurity on the cardiorespiratory system.
To examine the consequences of altered oxygen tension and immune activation in preterm infants.
To highlight advances in understanding stress effects on neurodevelopment and cardiorespiratory homeostasis.

Main Methods:

Examination of clinical challenges in preterm birth.
Review of neonatal animal models of intermittent hypoxia, hyperoxia, and infection.
Focus on physiological pathways modulating the cardiorespiratory system.

Main Results:

Oxygen dysregulation alters redox balance and immune signaling.
Altered stress responses impact neurodevelopment and cardiorespiratory homeostasis.
Neonatal animal models provide insights into early-life stress effects.

Conclusions:

Preterm infants are vulnerable to cardiorespiratory complications.
Understanding oxygen and immune system interactions is crucial.
Animal models are valuable tools for studying preterm infant physiology and stress responses.