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Developmental impact of air pollution on brain function.

Lucio G Costa1, Toby B Cole2, Khoi Dao3

  • 1Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Dept. of Medicine & Surgery, University of Parma, Italy.

Neurochemistry International
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Summary

Air pollution harms the nervous system, especially in children. Exposure to fine and ultrafine particulate matter may increase risks for neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder.

Keywords:
Air pollutionAutism spectrum disorderDevelopmental neurotoxicityDiesel exhaust (DE)NeuroinflammationOxidative stressParticulate matter (PM)

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Neuroscience
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Air pollution significantly contributes to global disease burden, impacting respiratory and cardiovascular health.
  • Emerging evidence links air pollution exposure to adverse effects on the human nervous system.
  • Age is a critical factor in neurotoxicity, with developing brains being particularly vulnerable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the adverse effects of air pollution on the developing brain.
  • To discuss factors increasing susceptibility of the developing brain to toxic effects.
  • To summarize evidence linking air pollution exposure to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of human epidemiological studies and animal models.
  • Analysis of evidence on traffic-related air pollution, focusing on fine and ultrafine particulate matter (PM).
  • Examination of mechanisms including oxidative stress, inflammation, and direct central nervous system access by PM.

Main Results:

  • Air pollution exposure is associated with behavioral and biochemical adverse effects in animal models and humans.
  • Fine and ultrafine particulate matter can directly impact the central nervous system.
  • Emerging evidence suggests a link between perinatal air pollution exposure and increased risk of autism spectrum disorder.

Conclusions:

  • The developing brain exhibits unique characteristics making it susceptible to air pollution toxicity.
  • Air pollution exposure, particularly fine and ultrafine PM, poses risks to neurodevelopment.
  • Reducing air pollution is crucial for protecting children's neurological well-being and preventing neurodevelopmental disorders.