Engineered extracellular vesicles and their mimetics for clinical translation

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Cell Biology
• Nanomedicine

Background:

• Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial for cellular homeostasis and intercellular communication.
• EVs hold significant therapeutic potential due to their ability to mirror parental cell components.
• EV engineering can enhance their therapeutic capacity and efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current EV engineering techniques and upscaling approaches.
• To analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various EV engineering methods.
• To provide a guideline for selecting appropriate techniques for EV engineering.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of EV engineering strategies.
• Analysis of techniques for modifying EVs and their mimetics.
• Evaluation of upscaling approaches for EV production.

Main Results:

• A detailed overview of diverse EV engineering techniques is presented.
• Pros and cons of each method are discussed from multiple viewpoints.
• The review highlights the current state-of-the-art in EV engineering.

Conclusions:

• Advances in EV engineering are paving the way for combinatorial approaches.
• Selecting the right engineering technique is crucial for optimizing EV therapeutics.
• Improved EV engineering will accelerate the clinical translation of EV-based therapies.