Disparities in Follow-Up After Low-Dose Lung Cancer Screening

The National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST) demonstrated an improvement in overall survival with lung cancer screening. Achieving follow-up for a positive screen is essential to impact early intervention for lung cancer. The objective of this study was to determine predictors of follow-up after a positive lung cancer screening test. The NLST database was queried for participants with a positive lung cancer screening exam. This cohort was then subdivided into patients who had follow-up and those who did not. Pairwise comparison was performed within different subgroups. A logistic regression model was then utilized to identify predictive factors associated with follow-up. Of the 53,454 patients who participated in the study, we identified 14,000 patients who had a positive lung cancer screening test. Of those patients, 12,503 followed up appropriately (89.3%). Women had a statistically higher follow-up rate compared to men (90% vs 88.8%, P ≤ 0.05). Patients reported as married or living as married also showed a higher rate of follow-up compared to patients reported as never married, divorced, separated, or widowed (90.2% vs 87.5%, P ≤ 0.05). The rate of follow-up among African-American patients was 82.8%, while those in white patients was 89.6%, this was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). Education level was not a significant factor in follow-up rates. Current smokers followed up at lower rates compared to former smokers (87.9 % vs 90.6%, P ≤ 0.05). Logistic regression determined gender, marital status, race, and smoking status to be predictors of follow-up. Follow-up rates after a positive lung cancer screening test were associated with a patient's gender, marital status, race, and smoking status.