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Related Concept Videos

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

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Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and...
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Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

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Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
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Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

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The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
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Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

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The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
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Signs of Puberty01:27

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Puberty is a critical phase, typically beginning between the ages of 8 and 13 in girls and 9 and 14 in boys, though timing can vary based on genetics, environmental factors, and overall health. This period is characterized by the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the attainment of reproductive potential. Endocrine changes underpin puberty, with hormonal surges of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) instigated by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)...
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Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 5, 2026

Primary Culture of Rat Adrenocortical Cells and Assays of Steroidogenic Functions
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[Dehydroepiandrosterone and adrenarche].

N P Goncharov1, G Z Katsya1

  • 1Endocrinology Research Centre.

Problemy Endokrinologii
|October 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Adrenarche, the onset of puberty, involves increased adrenal androgen production, primarily dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEAS. Other adrenal androgens like androstenedione increase later, with androstenedione also forming from DHEA metabolism.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Adrenal Physiology

Context:

  • Historical concept of adrenarche introduced by Albright et al. in 1943.
  • Early studies focused on 17-ketosteroid production in pre-pubertal children.
  • Advancements in methodology revealed specific adrenal androgen contributions.

Purpose:

  • To clarify the specific adrenal androgens involved in adrenarche.
  • To differentiate the secretion patterns of various adrenal androgens during development.
  • To elucidate the origins and metabolic pathways of key adrenal androgens.

Summary:

  • Increased 17-ketosteroid excretion before puberty is linked to heightened adrenal cortex secretion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS).
Keywords:
Dehydroepiandrosteroneadrenarch

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  • Secretion of androstenedione and 11-hydroxyandrostenedione does not increase during adrenarche, with their rise observed later (6-8 years).
  • Androstenedione is a metabolite of DHEA in peripheral tissues, while 11-hydroxyandrostenedione is exclusively synthesized in the adrenal cortex.

    • Impact:

    • Provides a precise understanding of adrenal androgen dynamics during adrenarche.
    • Differentiates the roles of DHEA/DHEAS versus other androgens in early development.
    • Highlights the tissue-specific synthesis of adrenal androgens, crucial for endocrine research.