Intermuscular S-ICD Implantation in Pediatric Patients

The use of conventional implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) in children presents important technical challenges. We present the surgical technique necessary to adapt the subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD) implantation designed for adults, to children, including patients weighing less than 20 kg. The implant procedure implies a two-incision technique and interfascial serratus anterior-latissimus dorsi dissection to accommodate the device. S-ICD implantation was successfully performed in three patients of 19, 28, and 24 kg, respectively, two of them suffered cardiorespiratory arrest. Intermuscular thoracic implantation of S-ICD might represent an effective strategy for primary or secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death in pediatric patients.