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Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...
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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
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The Stockholm Spinal Cord Uro Study: 1. Basic characteristics and problem inventory.

Elisabeth Farrelly1,2, Lena Lindbo3, Hans Wijkström4,5

  • 1Department NVS Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.

Scandinavian Journal of Urology
|October 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Spinal cord injury (SCI) patients benefit from regular urinary tract monitoring. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common, but renal complications are infrequent and not strongly linked to infection or bladder pressure.

Keywords:
Spinal cord injuryepidemiologyprevalence grouprenal complicationsurinary tract complicationsurinary tract infection

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Neurology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) frequently leads to neurogenic bladder dysfunction.
  • Long-term management of urinary tract function is crucial for SCI patient health and quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate urinary tract function and identify complications in a regional SCI cohort.
  • To determine risk factors associated with recurrent urinary tract complications in SCI patients.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 412 SCI patients underwent a comprehensive annual assessment.
  • Methods included biochemical markers (S-creatinine, S-cystatin-C), urinalysis, renal ultrasound, urodynamics, and patient questionnaires.
  • Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were employed to analyze risk factors.

Main Results:

  • One-quarter of patients showed abnormal kidney function indicators.
  • Neurogenic overactive bladder was prevalent, with many exhibiting high intravesical filling pressures (>40 cm H2O).
  • 47% reported complications, primarily urinary tract infections (UTIs); other complications were infrequent.

Conclusions:

  • Regular follow-up programs help maintain stable urinary tract function in SCI patients.
  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common complication.
  • Renal complication indicators are common but not clearly linked to UTI frequency or bladder pressures; cervical level and lesion completeness are key risk factors.