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Updated: Jan 5, 2026

Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
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Cardiac dysfunction in children with essential obesity: preliminary data.

T Arrigo1, G Stroscio2, D Impollonia3

  • 1Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology with Dialysis, University of Messina, Policlinico "G. Martino" Messina, Italy.

Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents
|October 22, 2019
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Summary

Childhood obesity can harm heart function even without comorbidities. High HMGB1 levels indicate inflammation, linked to cholesterol, suggesting early cardiac compromise in obese children.

Keywords:
HMGB1childrenechocardiogram testinflammationobesity

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Cardiology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Childhood obesity is a significant risk factor for diseases and reduced life expectancy.
  • Early identification of cardiac alterations in obese children is crucial for timely intervention.
  • Inflammatory markers may play a role in the early stages of obesity-related cardiac dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if clinical, biohumoral, and inflammatory markers can predict cardiac structural and functional changes in obese children.
  • To assess the correlation between High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) levels, lipid profiles, and echocardiographic findings in pediatric obesity.
  • To understand the role of inflammation in the early pathogenesis of cardiac compromise in obese children.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective enrollment of 22 obese children and adolescents.
  • Evaluation of clinical parameters (waist circumference, BMI), biohumoral parameters (cholesterol, LDL), and the inflammatory marker HMGB1.
  • Transthoracic echocardiogram to assess cardiac structure and function.

Main Results:

  • Obese children exhibited significantly higher HMGB1 levels compared to healthy controls.
  • A strong positive correlation was observed between total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HMGB1 levels.
  • No significant correlation was found between clinical/biohumoral parameters and echocardiographic findings.
  • Echocardiograms in obese children often showed normal cardiac parameters despite potential early functional alterations.

Conclusions:

  • Obesity in children can impair myocardial function early, even without overt comorbidities.
  • Elevated HMGB1 levels suggest a role for inflammation in initiating meta-inflammation and cardiac compromise.
  • Monitoring inflammatory markers alongside lipid profiles may aid in detecting subclinical cardiac changes in obese pediatric populations.