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Malocclusions in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)
L M Pettett1, G J Wilson1, V Nicolson2
1The University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia.
Australian Veterinary Journal
|October 22, 2019
Summary
Koala malocclusions, or misaligned teeth, impact chewing and oral health. This study found prevalence varied by population and identified familial links, suggesting captive breeding should consider these traits.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Science
- Zoology
- Oral Biology
Background:
- Malocclusions in koalas are poorly understood, impacting mastication, body condition, and oral health.
- Irregular teeth alignment can lead to lifelong health issues in koalas.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe and quantify malocclusions in koalas from Queensland and South Australia.
- To investigate the prevalence and types of malocclusions in free-ranging and captive koalas.
- To explore potential familial links in malocclusion traits within captive koala colonies.
Main Methods:
- Examined 370 koalas (295 from Queensland, 75 from South Australia) for malocclusions.
- Classified malocclusions into four types based on incisor/canine misalignment.
- Measured maxillary overbite and mandibular width, analyzing familial relationships in captive koalas.
Main Results:
- Malocclusion prevalence was 39% in South Australian free-ranging koalas, 30% in captive Queensland koalas, and 22% in free-ranging Queensland koalas.
- Malocclusions caused tooth rotation, mobility, erosion, inefficient mastication, and increased risk of periodontal disease.
- Captive koalas with malocclusions exhibited narrower mandibular width (0.5-1% less).
- Evidence suggests familial links for malocclusion types in captive koalas.
Conclusions:
- Malocclusions significantly affect koala oral health and mastication.
- Familial traits in malocclusions are evident in captive koalas.
- Captive breeding programs should account for koala malocclusion traits to mitigate negative impacts on future generations.
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