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Interfacial Tension of the Water-Diluted Bitumen Interface at High Bitumen Concentrations Measured Using a

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Interfacial tension (IFT) in water-in-diluted bitumen emulsions was measured using a microfluidic extensional flow device. Lowering water pH and increasing bitumen concentration affected IFT, with significantly lower values than previously reported.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Colloid and surface science
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Interfacial tension (IFT) is crucial for understanding emulsion behavior, including drop breakup and coalescence.
  • Diluted bitumen (dilbit) emulsions are common in the oil industry, and their stability is influenced by IFT.
  • Previous IFT measurements may not fully represent dynamic conditions in sheared emulsions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the IFT of water-in-dilbit emulsions under varying bitumen concentrations and water pH.
  • To compare measured IFT values with those reported in existing literature.
  • To investigate the influence of measurement methodology on IFT values.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a microfluidic extensional flow device (MEFD) to measure IFT.
  • Tested bitumen concentrations of 33%, 50%, and 67% (S/B ratios of 2, 1, and 0.5).
  • Evaluated water pH levels of 8.3 and 9.9.

Main Results:

  • IFT increased with bitumen concentration and decreased significantly with lower water pH.
  • The time to reach steady-state IFT increased with bitumen concentration.
  • Measured IFT values were substantially lower than those previously reported in literature.

Conclusions:

  • The study challenges existing literature values for IFT in dilbit-water systems.
  • Measurement differences, including the system studied (water in dilbit vs. dilbit in water) and measurement timescale, do not fully explain the discrepancy.
  • A hypothesis is proposed: the interface of a sheared water drop in bitumen possesses different mechanical properties than a stagnant one.