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Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
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The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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Brain Imaging

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Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
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Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...
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Cortical Regions Encoding Hardness Perception Modulated by Visual Information Identified by Functional Magnetic

Yuri Kim1,2,3, Nobuo Usui2,3, Atsushi Miyazaki4

  • 1Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan.

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience
|October 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Visual input significantly influences hardness perception. This study used fMRI and MVPA to identify brain regions, including the sensory motor cortex and parietal operculum, involved in visually modulated hardness perception.

Keywords:
active touchextrastriate body areaintraparietal sulcusmirror visual feedbackmultimodal integrationparietal operculumsomatic sensation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Perception
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Hardness perception is typically associated with haptic feedback.
  • Emerging evidence suggests visual information also plays a crucial role in modulating tactile perception, including hardness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural correlates of hardness perception influenced by visual information using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • To identify specific cortical regions involved in integrating visual and haptic cues for hardness estimation.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) were employed.
  • Participants performed a hardness estimation task while viewing visual feedback of their hand movements.
  • Behavioral data on perceived hardness and fMRI data were analyzed to identify visually modulated trials.

Main Results:

  • Perceived hardness was significantly biased by visual information in over 73% of trials under soft (SFTvm) and hard (HRDvm) conditions.
  • Multivoxel pattern analysis revealed significant clusters encoding visually modulated hardness perception.
  • Key regions identified include the right sensory motor cortex, left anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS), bilateral parietal operculum (PO), and occipito-temporal cortex (OTC).

Conclusions:

  • Visual information from finger movements, processed in the occipito-temporal cortex (OTC), is likely integrated with haptic input in the anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS).
  • Subjective hardness perception, modulated by visual cues, appears to be processed within a cortical network involving the left parietal operculum (PO) and aIPS.