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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

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Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
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Information Processing Approach01:30

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Social cognitive perspectives on personality emphasize the importance of conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals in shaping behavior. These perspectives incorporate behaviorist principles, such as learning through reinforcement and conditioning, but extend beyond them by highlighting human reasoning and planning. Unlike traditional behaviorist views, social cognitive theory focuses on how individuals reflect on their past experiences and plan for future outcomes by considering...
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Steps in the Modeling Process01:14

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Albert Bandura's theory of observational learning identifies four critical processes: attention, retention, motor reproduction, and reinforcement or motivation.
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Observational Learning01:12

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Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
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Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
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Embodied Learning: Why at School the Mind Needs the Body.

Manuela Macedonia1,2,3

  • 1Institute of Information Engineering, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria.

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Embodied learning, which integrates physical activity with cognitive processes, offers a powerful alternative to traditional mentalistic education. This approach enhances learning outcomes across various subjects by reconnecting the mind and body.

Keywords:
educationembodimentinstructionlearningmathematicsmemoryneurosciencesecond language

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • Traditional Western education often adopts mentalistic theories, separating mind and body.
  • Current pedagogical practices typically involve passive learning activities like sitting, listening, and writing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce embodied learning as a viable alternative to mentalistic educational approaches.
  • To explore embodied learning from a neuroscientific viewpoint.
  • To advocate for instructional methods that integrate physical and cognitive processes.

Main Methods:

  • Historical overview of educational theories.
  • Review of empirical studies on embodied instruction.
  • Neuroscientific examination of brain mechanisms underlying embodied learning.

Main Results:

  • Embodied instruction demonstrates behavioral effectiveness in second language acquisition.
  • Embodied learning positively impacts mathematics and spatial thinking skills.
  • Neuroscientific evidence supports the efficacy of mind-body integration in learning.

Conclusions:

  • Embodied learning offers significant advantages over traditional mentalistic methods.
  • Reuniting body and mind in educational practice is crucial for enhanced learning.
  • Future instructional design should prioritize embodied, active learning experiences.