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Related Concept Videos

Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

4.0K
Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Assessment of Selective mRNA Translation in Mammalian Cells by Polysome Profiling
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Tracking human genes along the translational continuum.

Kyubum Lee1, Mindy Clyne2, Wei Yu3

  • 11National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD USA.

NPJ Genomic Medicine
|October 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study identifies key human genes advancing from basic research to clinical applications in genomics and public health. It highlights genes crucial for translational research in cancer and genetic diseases, aiding evidence-based medical practice.

Keywords:
Genetics researchTranslational research

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Bioinformatics
  • Translational Medicine
  • Public Health Genomics

Background:

  • Understanding research drivers is crucial for translating genomics into medicine and public health.
  • Genomic research requires identification of genes with translational value.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify specific genes featured in translational genetic research compared to all genomics research publications.
  • To highlight genes moving from basic research to clinical and public health applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized publicly available curated online databases, including the CDC's Public Health Genomics and Precision Health Knowledge Base.
  • Stratified articles into T1 (clinical and population human genome epidemiology research) and T2+ (beyond bench to bedside) phases.
  • Compared gene counts and publication numbers within translational phases against all genes in Medline.

Main Results:

  • Identified specific genes progressing from basic research to clinical and public health translational research.
  • Highlighted genes predominantly in cancer and highly penetrant, clinically actionable genetic diseases.
  • Demonstrated a method for tracking the translational trajectory of human genes.

Conclusions:

  • Identifying human genes of translational value is essential for evidence-based clinical and public health genomic practice.
  • This research provides a framework for understanding the translation of genomic discoveries.
  • Focus on actionable genes in cancer and genetic diseases accelerates medical advancements.