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The Time Evolution of Optical Lightning Flashes.

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New analysis of lightning using the Lighting Imaging Sensor (LIS) reveals distinct optical "series" within flashes. These series, representing bright optical pulses, offer insights into lightning

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Science
  • Geophysics
  • Remote Sensing

Background:

  • Lightning exhibits complex temporal and spatial characteristics.
  • Understanding lightning's optical emissions is crucial for atmospheric physics.
  • Previous analyses often lacked detailed temporal resolution of optical events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the composition and time evolution of lightning using optical measurements.
  • To introduce and define the
  • LIS series
  • feature for lightning analysis.
  • To statistically characterize the properties and origins of lightning series.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Lighting Imaging Sensor (LIS) for frame-by-frame optical lightning measurements.
  • Developed a clustering method to group optical features into
  • LIS series
  • .
  • Analyzed statistical properties including radiant energy, footprint, timing, and duration of series within flashes.

Main Results:

  • An average series illuminates 40% of the flash footprint, contributes 20% of radiance, and lasts only 1% of the total flash duration.
  • Lightning flashes often contain multiple radiant optical pulses or
  • series
  • .
  • Optical multiplicity averages 1.7 for flashes with radiant groups; series separation varies from milliseconds to over 100 ms.

Conclusions:

  • Lightning flashes comprise distinct optical
  • series
  • that can originate from multiple physical processes.
  • The temporal and optical characteristics of series provide new insights into lightning dynamics.
  • LIS data enables detailed statistical analysis of these optical emission features.