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Clavicle in Carnivorans: A Forgotten Bone.

Paulo de Souza Junior1, Wilson Viotto-Souza2,3, Vanessa Pereira Mendes4

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Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)
|October 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The clavicle, a bone linked to limb versatility, is present in most neotropical carnivores but rarely absent. Its presence and form are more tied to evolutionary history than limb function.

Keywords:
osteologythoracic limbvestigialwild carnivorans

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative anatomy
  • Mammalian evolution
  • Osteology

Background:

  • The clavicle's role in mammalian thoracic limb function is well-established.
  • Studies on vestigial clavicles in Carnivora are limited and debated.
  • Neotropical carnivores present a unique group for investigating clavicle variation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the presence, shape, and composition of clavicles in neotropical carnivores.
  • To analyze clavicular morphology across different species within this order.
  • To correlate clavicular characteristics with evolutionary and functional aspects.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 108 roadkill specimens from 19 neotropical carnivore species.
  • Macroscopic examination, radiographic imaging, and histological analysis of clavicles.
  • Measurement of clavicle length and assessment of radiopacity and internal structure.

Main Results:

  • Clavicles were present in 16 of 19 species, absent in Nasua nasua and two Conepatus species.
  • Felids exhibited significantly larger and more radiopaque clavicles compared to other families.
  • Clavicles were significantly larger in males of Lycalopex gymnocercus, Galictis cuja, and Leopardus geoffroyi.

Conclusions:

  • Clavicles in Carnivora are generally vestigial, rarely absent, and their characteristics are linked to phylogenetic proximity.
  • The evolutionary history appears to be a stronger determinant of clavicle presence and form than thoracic limb movement versatility.
  • This study provides new data on clavicular morphology in understudied neotropical carnivores.