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meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H01:13

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All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for...
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EDTA titrations may necessitate masking and demasking agents to temporarily protect a particular metal ion in a mixture from the EDTA reaction. These agents facilitate the sequential analysis of the metal ions by forming stable complexes with some—but not all—metal ions during certain steps.
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Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
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The Cope rearrangement is classified as a [3,3] sigmatropic shift in 1,5-dienes, leading to a more stable, isomeric 1,5-diene. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six electrons, four from two π bonds and two from a σ bond, via an energetically favorable chair-like transition state.
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The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
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Controlled Reactivity of Terminal Cyaphide Complexes: Isolation of the 5-Coordinate [Ru(dppe)2(C≡P)].

Madeleine C Levis1, Kyle G Pearce1, Ian R Crossley1

  • 1Department of Chemistry , University of Sussex , Falmer , Brighton BN1 9QJ , U.K.

Inorganic Chemistry
|October 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers synthesized a novel ruthenium cyaphide complex, demonstrating controlled reactivity. This complex allows for selective modification, yielding new halocyaphide and hypocoordinate cyaphide complexes with potential for further functionalization.

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Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Phosphorus Chemistry

Background:

  • Terminal cyaphide complexes are rare and their reactivity poorly understood.
  • Ruthenium complexes with phosphine ligands (dppe) are well-studied scaffolds for catalysis and synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel terminal cyaphide complex of ruthenium.
  • To investigate the controlled reactivity of this cyaphide complex.
  • To explore the synthesis of new cyaphide derivatives, including halocyaphide and hypocoordinate species.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of trans-[Ru(dppe)2Me(C≡P)] complex.
  • Metathesis reactions using ZnX2/PPh3 to form halocyaphide complexes.
  • Nucleophilic substitution and halide abstraction reactions.
  • Characterization using NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of trans-[Ru(dppe)2Me(C≡P)] in high yield.
  • Formation of unprecedented halocyaphide complexes trans-[Ru(dppe)2(X)(C≡P)] (X = Cl, Br, I).
  • Synthesis of the first isolable hypocoordinate cyaphide complex [Ru(dppe)2(C≡P)]·OTf.
  • Demonstration of reactivity of the hypocoordinate complex with nucleophiles and carbonylation.

Conclusions:

  • The novel ruthenium cyaphide complex exhibits controlled and versatile reactivity.
  • This work expands the scope of cyaphide chemistry, providing access to new classes of compounds.
  • The developed synthetic routes open avenues for further exploration of cyaphide complex chemistry and applications.