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Related Concept Videos

Rolling Resistance01:21

Rolling Resistance

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When a solid cylinder rolls steadily on a rigid surface, the normal force applied by the surface on the cylinder is perpendicular to the tangent at the contact point. However, since no materials are entirely rigid, the surface's reaction to the cylinder involves a range of normal pressures.
For instance, imagine a hard cylinder rolling on a comparatively soft surface. The cylinder's weight compresses the surface beneath it. As the cylinder moves, the material in front of it slows down due to...
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Equation of Motion: General Plane motion - Problem Solving01:16

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Consider a lawn roller with a mass of 100 kg, a radius of 0.2 meters, and a radius of gyration of 0.15 meters. A force of 200 N is applied to this roller, angled at 60 degrees from the horizontal plane. What will be the angular acceleration of the lawn roller?
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Rolling Resistance: Problem Solving01:17

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Rolling resistance, also known as rolling friction, is the force that resists the motion of a rolling object, such as a wheel, tire, or ball, when it moves over a surface. It is caused by the deformation of the object and the surface in contact with each other, as well as other factors like internal friction, hysteresis, and energy losses within the materials. Rolling resistance opposes the object's motion, requiring additional energy to overcome it and maintain movement. In practical...
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People have observed the rolling motion without slipping ever since the invention of the wheel. For example, one can look at the interaction between a car's tires and the surface of the road. If the driver presses the accelerator to the floor so that the tires spin without the car moving forward, there must be kinetic friction between the wheels and the road's surface. If the driver slowly presses the accelerator, causing the car to move forward, the tires roll without slipping. It is...
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Rolling With Slipping01:14

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Rolling with slipping is a physical phenomenon that occurs when a rolling object experiences both rotational and linear motion but also experiences frictional forces that cause slipping. This phenomenon can occur in various situations, such as when a tire rolls on a wet road or a ball rolls on a rough surface.
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Frictional Force01:07

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When a body is in motion, it encounters resistance because the body interacts with its surroundings. This resistance is known as friction, a common yet complex force whose behavior is still not completely understood. Friction opposes relative motion between systems in contact, but also allows us to move. Friction arises in part due to the roughness of surfaces in contact. For one object to move along a surface, it must rise to where the peaks of the surface can skip along the bottom of the...
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Quantum Rolling Friction.

F Intravaia1, M Oelschläger2, D Reiche2

  • 1Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, AG Theoretische Optik & Photonik, 12489 Berlin, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|October 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atoms moving in a vacuum experience friction from quantum electromagnetic field interactions. This study reveals how atomic motion and rotation interplay, affecting drag force similarly to classical rolling friction.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Electrodynamics
  • Atomic Physics
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Atoms moving in vacuum experience frictional forces due to quantum electromagnetic field fluctuations.
  • This interaction is influenced by the atom's translational motion and the properties of the electromagnetic field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interplay between an atom's translational and rotational motion.
  • To understand how this interplay affects the frictional drag force.
  • To explore the role of nonequilibrium dynamics and the anomalous Doppler effect.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a fully non-Markovian and nonequilibrium theoretical description.
  • Analyzing the effects of quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field.
  • Incorporating concepts of spin-momentum locking of light.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated an interplay between atomic translational and rotational motion mediated by nonequilibrium dynamics, anomalous Doppler effect, and spin-momentum locking.
  • Showcased that this interplay significantly modifies the drag force, exhibiting characteristics similar to classical rolling friction.
  • Revealed counterintuitive features in the atom's velocity-dependent rotational dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • The interaction between atomic motion and quantum vacuum fluctuations leads to complex dynamics.
  • The findings offer insights into tuning atom-surface interactions and studying nonequilibrium phenomena.
  • Highlights potential for investigating the properties of confined light and quantum friction.