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Researchers measured the timelike electromagnetic form factors of the Lambda baryon (Λ) using electron-positron collisions. This study provides the first complete determination of these crucial baryon properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Particle Physics
  • Quantum Chromodynamics
  • Hadron Spectroscopy

Background:

  • The timelike electromagnetic form factors of the Lambda baryon (Λ) are essential for understanding its structure and interactions.
  • Previous measurements have lacked the precision to fully characterize these form factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To precisely measure the timelike electric (G_E) and magnetic (G_M) form factors of the Λ baryon.
  • To determine the modulus of their ratio (R) and the relative phase (ΔΦ) for the first time for any baryon.
  • To measure the ΛΛ cross section with unprecedented accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Studied the exclusive process e^{+}e^{-}→ΛΛ[over ¯] at √s=2.396 GeV using a dataset of 66.9 pb⁻¹ collected by the BESIII detector.
  • Employed a multidimensional analysis with a complete decomposition of the reaction's spin structure.
  • Utilized the precise value of the Λ asymmetry parameter (α_Λ) measured by BESIII.

Main Results:

  • Determined the modulus of the ratio R = |G_E/G_M| = 0.96±0.14(stat)±0.02(syst).
  • Achieved the first measurement of the relative phase ΔΦ = Φ_E - Φ_M = 37°±12°(stat)±6°(syst).
  • Measured the cross section σ = 118.7±5.3(stat)±5.1(syst) pb and effective form factor |G|=0.123±0.003(stat)±0.003(syst).

Conclusions:

  • This study presents the first complete determination of baryon timelike electromagnetic form factors.
  • The contribution from two-photon exchange was found to be negligible.
  • The results provide crucial data for refining theoretical models of baryon structure.