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Related Concept Videos

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
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Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs01:15

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Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
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2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

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Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
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Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
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The Nitrogen Cycle

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Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...
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Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
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Nitrate-dependent Uranium mobilisation in groundwater.

Daniel Marcos Bonotto1, Buddhi Wijesiri2, Ashantha Goonetilleke3

  • 1Departamento de Petrologia e Metalogenia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Câmpus de Rio Claro, Av. 24-ANo.1515, C.P. 178, CEP 13506-900 Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.

The Science of the Total Environment
|October 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nitrate-fertilizer use in agricultural areas is unlikely to increase uranium mobility in groundwater. Uranium mobility depends on redox conditions, pH, alkalinity, and temperature, with complex interactions in agricultural versus non-agricultural catchments.

Keywords:
Drinking waterGeochemistryGroundwaterNitratesRedox potentialUranium

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Hydrogeology
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Nitrate influences groundwater redox conditions, impacting uranium (U) behavior.
  • Excessive nitrate-fertilizer use in agriculture may affect U mobilization, a concern for drinking water resources.
  • Previous studies examined factors individually, not as an integrated system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate nitrate-dependent uranium mobility in a Brazilian catchment with intensive agriculture and the Guarani aquifer.
  • Analyze the interplay of hydro-geochemical factors on U mobility under varying land uses.

Main Methods:

  • Direct measurement of groundwater redox potential and hydro-geochemical parameters.
  • Analysis of U mobility in relation to nitrate concentrations and other factors.
  • Comparison of U mobility in agricultural and urban areas.

Main Results:

  • Uranium exhibits two hydro-geochemical systems based on groundwater redox potential (positive and negative).
  • pH, alkalinity (HCO3-), and temperature significantly influence U mobilization, with greater impacts in agricultural lands.
  • Acidic, less reducing, and basic, highly reducing groundwater conditions enhance U mobility, particularly in agricultural areas.

Conclusions:

  • Uranium mobility is complex, influenced by redox potential, pH, alkalinity, and temperature.
  • While U can be mobile under high nitrate in reducing groundwater, anthropogenic inputs are less significant than natural inputs in highly reducing environments.
  • Fertilizer use is unlikely to increase U mobility in highly reducing groundwater within agricultural lands.