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Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

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Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
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Sub-Wavelength Focusing in Inhomogeneous Media with a Metasurface Near Field Plate.

Andrew C Strikwerda1, Timothy Sleasman2, William Anderson3

  • 1Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA. andrew.strikwerda@jhuapl.edu.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 23, 2019
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Summary

Researchers developed a corrugated near field plate to create sub-wavelength focusing. This metasurface device can generate deep sub-wavelength foci in complex media like brain tissue for potential biological applications.

Keywords:
corrugated surfacediffraction limitevanescent spectrumfinite element methodmetasurfacenear field platessensingsub-wavelength focusing

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Metamaterials
  • Computational Electromagnetics

Background:

  • Overcoming the diffraction limit is crucial for sub-wavelength focusing.
  • Tailoring the evanescent spectrum of aperture fields is key to achieving this.
  • Inhomogeneous background media present significant challenges for focusing light.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model and simulate a corrugated near field plate for sub-wavelength focusing.
  • To investigate the generation of a sub-wavelength focus in inhomogeneous media.
  • To explore potential applications in biological sensing and hyperthermia.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the finite element method (FEM) to model reactive coupling.
  • Incorporated constraints to generate a desired focus.
  • Simulated various near field plate geometries in layered media.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the generation of a deeply sub-wavelength focus.
  • Successfully modeled focusing in a medium with properties similar to brain tissue.
  • Validated the effectiveness of the corrugated near field plate design.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed metasurface near field plate can overcome the diffraction limit.
  • This technology enables precise sub-wavelength focusing in complex biological environments.
  • Potential applications include advanced biological signal detection and targeted hyperthermia treatments.