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Virotherapy as a Potential Therapeutic Approach for the Treatment of Aggressive Thyroid Cancer

Anna Maria Malfitano1, Sarah Di Somma2, Nella Prevete3

  • 1Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università Federico II Napoli, URT "Genomic of Diabetes" of Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Council of Research (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy. annamaria.malfitano@unina.it.

Cancers
|October 23, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) show promise for treating aggressive thyroid cancers like PDTC and ATC. Research explores OVs alone or combined with other therapies, offering new hope for patients with limited options.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Virotherapy utilizes oncolytic viruses (OVs) to selectively target and destroy cancer cells.
  • OVs possess immune-stimulatory properties beneficial for cancer treatment.
  • Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) present significant therapeutic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the therapeutic potential of OVs in PDTC and ATC models.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of OVs as monotherapy and in combination treatments.
  • To discuss the role of OVs in overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing experimental data on OV efficacy in PDTC/ATC models.
  • Analysis of studies combining OVs with other therapeutic agents.
  • Investigation of OV mechanisms in modulating the tumor microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • Experimental data support the clinical efficacy of OVs in PDTC/ATC models.
  • OVs demonstrate potential in overcoming the immunosuppressive nature of ATC.
  • Combinatorial strategies involving OVs show promise for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising approach for treating aggressive thyroid cancers.
  • Combination therapies, particularly with multiple kinases inhibitors (MKIs) or immune checkpoint inhibitors, warrant further investigation.
  • OVs offer a potential new avenue for managing difficult-to-treat thyroid malignancies.
Keywords:
anaplastic and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomaimmunotherapyoncolytic virus

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