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Related Concept Videos

Motor Unit Stimulation01:20

Motor Unit Stimulation

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When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...
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Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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Hand Motor Cortex Excitability During Speaking in Persistent Developmental Stuttering.

Martin Sommer1, Sherko Omer1, Alexander Wolff von Gudenberg2

  • 1Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|October 23, 2019
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Summary

Adults who stutter (AWS) show distinct motor cortex responses during speech tasks compared to fluent speakers. This suggests altered neural processing in the motor cortex during speech production in persistent developmental stuttering.

Keywords:
hand motor controlmotor evoked potentialsspeech motor controlstutteringtranscranial magnetic stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Speech motor control
  • Human motor physiology

Background:

  • Persistent developmental stuttering (PDS) is a speech disorder linked to motor control issues.
  • The extent of motor cortex dysfunction in PDS, particularly concerning hand representations, remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate task-dependent modulations of hand motor cortex excitability in adults who stutter (AWS) compared to age- and sex-matched adults who do not stutter (ANS).
  • To explore potential differences in motor cortex excitability during various speech and non-speech tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to measure motor evoked potentials (MEPs) from the abductor digiti minimi muscle in both hands.
  • MEPs were recorded in AWS and ANS participants during rest, spontaneous speech, reading, singing, and non-verbal orofacial movements.

Main Results:

  • Both groups exhibited increased MEP amplitudes during task performance.
  • A significant interaction between group and task was observed: AWS showed a greater MEP amplitude increase during spontaneous speech compared to ANS.
  • Conversely, AWS displayed a smaller MEP amplitude increase during non-verbal orofacial movements than ANS.

Conclusions:

  • Hemispheric specialization of hand motor representation appears similar between AWS and ANS.
  • Spontaneous speech and non-verbal orofacial movements are key tasks for future research in PDS.
  • Heightened motor cortex facilitation in AWS during speech may indicate increased activation of non-speech muscles.