Insulin and its single-chain analogue.

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Endocrinology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Insulin therapy is crucial for managing diabetes mellitus (DM), with global demand increasing due to a rise in diabetic patients.
• Native insulin and its two-chain analogues exhibit limited thermal stability, posing formulation challenges.
• Understanding insulin's structure and receptor interactions is vital for developing effective therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the fundamental knowledge of insulin, including its discovery, biosynthesis, and structure.
• To outline the current model of insulin's interaction with its receptor.
• To explore strategies for designing and producing single-chain insulin (SCI) analogues and their applications.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of insulin discovery, biosynthesis, structure, and receptor interaction models.
• Analysis of strategies for the design and production of single-chain insulin (SCI) analogues.
• Compilation of reported applications of SCI analogues.

Main Results:

• Single-chain insulin (SCI) analogues present a promising alternative due to enhanced stability and production methods.
• Recombinant DNA technology and chemical synthesis facilitate the creation of SCI analogues.
• Various SCI analogues have been developed and show potential in therapeutic applications.

Conclusions:

• Single-chain insulin (SCI) analogues offer a stable and accessible alternative for insulin therapy in diabetes mellitus.
• Further research into SCI analogue design and application can advance diabetes treatment.
• The development of SCI analogues addresses the limitations of traditional insulin formulations.