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Simulating PFAS transport influenced by rate-limited multi-process retention.

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Understanding per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) transport in soil is crucial. This study developed a model showing solid-phase adsorption and diffusion limit PFAS movement, not air-water or oil-water interfaces.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Geochemistry
  • Hydrogeology

Background:

  • Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exhibit complex transport behaviors in the vadose zone.
  • The presence of organic immiscible liquids (OIL) can further complicate PFAS migration.
  • Mass-transfer processes, often rate-limited, contribute to nonideal PFAS transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a solute-transport model incorporating multiple retention mechanisms.
  • To identify rate-limiting processes governing PFAS transport in porous media.
  • To apply the model to experimental data for process delineation.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a multiprocess solute-transport model.
  • Inclusion of adsorption at air-water and OIL-water interfaces.
  • Accounting for solid-phase adsorption and diffusive mass transfer.
  • Application to breakthrough curve data from miscible-displacement experiments.

Main Results:

  • The multiprocess model successfully simulated nonideal PFAS transport data.
  • Air-water and OIL-water interfacial adsorption were found to be effectively instantaneous.
  • Solid-phase adsorption and diffusive mass transfer were identified as significant rate-limiting processes.

Conclusions:

  • Rate limitations in solid-phase adsorption and diffusion significantly impact PFAS transport.
  • Interfacial adsorption processes are generally not rate-limiting for PFAS in porous media.
  • The developed model provides a robust framework for analyzing complex PFAS migration patterns.