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Direct numerical simulation of vortex-induced instability for a zero-pressure-gradient boundary layer.

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This study quantifies vortex-induced instability in boundary layers using 3D Navier-Stokes simulations and a nonlinear disturbance enstrophy transport equation. It reveals how 2D excitations can lead to 3D bypass transition and small-scale vortex generation.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Computational fluid dynamics
  • Aerodynamics

Background:

  • Vortex-induced instability is a critical phenomenon in fluid mechanics.
  • Understanding receptivity and instability in incompressible flows is essential for predicting flow behavior.
  • Previous studies have explored 2D vortex-induced instability, but 3D aspects require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively explore vortex-induced instability caused by free-stream vortical excitation.
  • To validate three-dimensional (3D) computational results against experimental data.
  • To analyze the nonlinear and spatiotemporal aspects of flow instability using advanced computational methods.

Main Methods:

  • Employed high-accuracy 3D Navier-Stokes equation (NSE) computations.
  • Validated computational results against experimental data from Lim et al. [Exp. Fluids 37, 47 (2004)].
  • Utilized a nonlinear disturbance enstrophy transport equation (DETE) for incompressible flows to explain instability mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the evolution of disturbances from 2D to 3D stages.
  • Highlighted the impact of translating vortex speed and strength on instability.
  • Showcased 3D bypass transition and small-scale vortex creation from 2D excitations.
  • Observed cases of strong unsteady separation with 2D disturbance flow, termed bypass transition.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides quantitative insights into vortex-induced instability.
  • The DETE successfully explains instability mechanisms governed by the NSE.
  • Free-stream vortex characteristics significantly influence flow instability and transition pathways.