On some of the main criticisms of the modal model: Reappraisal from a TBRS perspective

The model developed by Atkinson and Shiffrin describes memory as a flow of information that enters and leaves a short-term storage and that in some cases consolidates into a long-term store. Their model has stimulated 50 years of memory research and, like every model, has also received several criticisms. It has been argued that a single short-term store in charge of both maintaining memory items and processing other cognitive tasks is not plausible. Some authors have evaluated the proposal of a rehearsal process as the unique way to transfer information into long-term memory as not being likely. Finally, the idea that information decays from the short-term store in the absence of rehearsal maintaining the memory traces has been and is still debated in the working memory literature. In this article, we reconsider these criticisms and show why they are not totally legitimate. We describe a recent working memory model, the time-based resource-sharing (TBRS) model (Barrouillet, P., & Camos, V. (2015). Working memory: Loss and reconstruction. Hove, UK: Psychology Press), that shares several theoretical assumptions with the model initially proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin, assumptions supported by empirical findings. Consequently, the model proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968 may be far from outdated and still provide an inspiring framework for memory study.