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Epstein-Barr Encephalitis in a Child with Congenital Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Case Report Calling
Olga Tsiatsiou1,2, Savvas Papachristou2, Eleni Papadimitriou1,3
1Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, 1st and 3rd Departments of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Background:
In resource-rich settings, the rate of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has dramatically decreased by virtue of a combination of preventive strategies during the last two decades.
Case Presentation:
We present a case of progressive developmental milestone loss in a toddler with previously unknown congenitally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, complicated by an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) coinfection.
Conclusion:
Our report underscores the differential diagnosis between HIV encephalopathy and EBV encephalitis and the vertical transmission of the HIV infection, which constitutes an alarming issue in terms of public health.
