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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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An aortic aneurysm is a localized outpouching or dilation at a weak point in the artery wall. It may involve different parts of the aorta, such as the abdominal aorta, aortic arch, or thoracic aorta.Etiological factorsSeveral disorders are associated with aortic aneurysms.Congenital causes, such as primary connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, impact the integrity and strength of connective tissues, notably affecting the aorta. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that specifically...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 5, 2026

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for the Evaluation of Suspected Cardiac Thrombus: Conventional and Emerging Techniques
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Left Ventricular Noncompaction with Multiple Thrombi in Apical Aneurysm.

Daisuke Yakabe1,2, Shouji Matsushima1, Saori Uchino1

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Japan.

Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan)
|October 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Left ventricular noncompaction, a rare heart condition, can lead to apical aneurysms and thrombi. Anticoagulation therapy effectively resolved these thrombi in a patient with this condition.

Keywords:
aneurysmleft ventricular noncompactionthrombus

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiovascular Imaging
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a congenital cardiomyopathy characterized by excessive myocardial trabeculation.
  • It is often associated with impaired systolic function and an increased risk of thromboembolic events.

Observation:

  • A 44-year-old male presented with heart failure and echocardiographic findings of global hypokinesis, reduced ejection fraction (25%), prominent trabeculation, and an apical aneurysm with multiple thrombi.
  • Cardiac MRI confirmed a high noncompacted to compacted myocardium ratio (NC/C >2.3) and apical aneurysm, with coronary angiography ruling out significant stenosis.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with left ventricular noncompaction complicated by apical aneurysm.
  • Following four weeks of anticoagulation therapy, the multiple apical thrombi resolved completely.
  • No clinical signs of embolism were observed during the treatment period.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the potential for anticoagulation to effectively manage apical thrombi in patients with left ventricular noncompaction and apical aneurysms.
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for preventing thromboembolic complications in LVNC.
  • Further research into the long-term efficacy and safety of anticoagulation in this specific patient population is warranted.