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Advanced liquid biopsy technologies for circulating biomarker detection.

Narshone Soda1, Bernd H A Rehm2, Prashant Sonar3

  • 1School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia. m.shiddiky@griffith.edu.au and Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia.

Journal of Materials Chemistry. B
|October 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Liquid biopsy offers a minimally invasive approach for cancer detection and monitoring by analyzing biomarkers like circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in body fluids. This evolving technology promises improved cancer management and personalized medicine through accessible, sensitive diagnostics.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • Liquid biopsy represents a paradigm shift from traditional tissue biopsies, offering minimally invasive methods for cancer detection and monitoring.
  • It enables the analysis of tumor-derived biomolecules such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), and exosomes in various body fluids.
  • The evolution towards liquid biopsy facilitates precision theranostics and personalized medicine by allowing for repeated, comprehensive tumor profiling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of liquid biopsy biomarkers for cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • To discuss the biogenesis, significance, and roles of key biomarkers including CTCs, ctDNA, miRNA, and exosomes.
  • To highlight advancements in nanomaterial-based detection methods and address current challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on liquid biopsy techniques and biomarkers.
  • Analysis of the biogenesis and clinical significance of CTCs, ctDNA, miRNA, and exosomes.
  • Discussion of technological challenges and advancements, including nanomaterial applications and point-of-care platforms.

Main Results:

  • Liquid biopsy enables early cancer screening, diagnosis, and therapy response evaluation through minimally invasive sampling.
  • Detection of specific biomarkers like ctDNA and miRNAs in body fluids provides crucial genomic information for personalized treatment.
  • Integration with nanomaterials and miniaturized platforms is leading to low-cost, point-of-care diagnostic tools.

Conclusions:

  • Liquid biopsy is revolutionizing cancer management, offering a sensitive and personalized approach.
  • Overcoming biological and technical challenges is key to widespread clinical adoption.
  • Nanomaterial-based detection holds significant promise for advancing liquid biopsy applications.