Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

2.1K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
2.1K
Insulin Secretory Vesicles01:05

Insulin Secretory Vesicles

6.3K
Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
6.3K
Regulation of Hormone Secretion01:19

Regulation of Hormone Secretion

6.0K
Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
Humoral...
6.0K
Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

6.3K
Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
6.3K
Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways01:28

Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways

2.6K
Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
2.6K
Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

1.2K
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Neuroprotective Effects of Ethiopian Coffee Beans against Hyperglycemia-induced Brain Injury in Rats.

Food science & nutrition·2026
Same author

Determinants of Healthcare-Seeking Preferences of Female Sex Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study From the South-Western Region of Bangladesh.

Health science reports·2026
Same author

GC-MS-Based Metabolomic Insights Into Fermentation-Induced Bioactive Compounds and Metabolic Health-Related Activities of White Corn Steep Liquor.

Food science & nutrition·2026
Same author

ProtAttn-QuadNet: An attention-based deep learning framework for protein-protein interaction prediction using ProtBERT embeddings.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Antidiabetic Evaluation of Thiosemicarbazone Analogs Through α-Amylase Inhibition Complemented With Computational Studies.

Chemistry & biodiversity·2026
Same author

Antidiabetic and Cytotoxicity Studies of Novel Quinazolinone-1,3,4-Thiadiazole Molecular Hybrids.

Chemistry & biodiversity·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: Investigating Islet Abnormalities and Function with a Pseudoislet Protocol
08:04

Author Spotlight: Investigating Islet Abnormalities and Function with a Pseudoislet Protocol

Published on: November 3, 2023

2.4K

Stimulus-Secretion Coupling in Beta-Cells: From Basic to Bedside.

Md Shahidul Islam1,2

  • 1Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Shahidul.islam@ki.se.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|October 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Understanding how beta-cells secrete insulin is key for type 2 diabetes treatment. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists protect beta-cells, unlike sulfonylureas, improving cardiovascular outcomes.

Keywords:
ATP-sensitive potassium channelBeta-cellsCalcium induced calcium releaseGlucagon-like peptide-1GlucokinaseGlutamate dehydrogenaseInsulin secretionIslets of LangerhansMitochondria and insulin secretionStimulus-secretion couplingTransient receptor potential channels and insulin secretionType 2 diabetesVoltage-gated calcium channels and insulin secretion

More Related Videos

Coculture Analysis of Extracellular Protein Interactions Affecting Insulin Secretion by Pancreatic Beta Cells
05:51

Coculture Analysis of Extracellular Protein Interactions Affecting Insulin Secretion by Pancreatic Beta Cells

Published on: June 15, 2013

13.4K
A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform
09:35

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform

Published on: July 16, 2016

11.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: Investigating Islet Abnormalities and Function with a Pseudoislet Protocol
08:04

Author Spotlight: Investigating Islet Abnormalities and Function with a Pseudoislet Protocol

Published on: November 3, 2023

2.4K
Coculture Analysis of Extracellular Protein Interactions Affecting Insulin Secretion by Pancreatic Beta Cells
05:51

Coculture Analysis of Extracellular Protein Interactions Affecting Insulin Secretion by Pancreatic Beta Cells

Published on: June 15, 2013

13.4K
A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform
09:35

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform

Published on: July 16, 2016

11.6K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Metabolic Research

Background:

  • Insulin secretion is triggered by nutrients and incretins, involving beta-cell modes regulated by ATP-sensitive potassium channels and key enzymes.
  • Mitochondrial metabolism, intermediary metabolism, electrophysiology, and cell signaling are crucial for stimulus-secretion coupling.
  • Beta-cell depolarization, calcium influx, and signaling networks (including G-protein-coupled receptors) orchestrate insulin exocytosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the intricate mechanisms of insulin stimulus-secretion coupling in human beta-cells.
  • To compare the effects of different drug classes on beta-cell function and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on beta-cell physiology, electrophysiology, and signaling pathways.
  • Analysis of the impact of therapeutic agents on beta-cell function and clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor activation amplifies calcium signaling and protects beta-cells.
  • Sulfonylureas, acting on ATP-sensitive potassium channels, can damage beta-cells and do not improve cardiovascular outcomes.
  • GLP-1 receptor agonists are increasingly favored over sulfonylureas due to their protective effects and improved cardiovascular benefits.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of stimulus-secretion coupling is vital for developing novel type 2 diabetes therapeutics.
  • Targeting the GLP-1 receptor offers a promising strategy for both beta-cell preservation and cardiovascular risk reduction in type 2 diabetes.
  • Further research into molecular targets of stimulus-secretion coupling may yield new preventative and therapeutic interventions.