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Vocal emotion recognition develops through adulthood, declining in older age, with older adults' voices being harder to interpret. Children showed a slight own-age bias, but adults did not.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Auditory Perception

Background:

  • Emotion recognition abilities change across the lifespan, from infancy to old age.
  • A comprehensive lifespan perspective on auditory emotion recognition is needed.
  • The interaction between listener age and speaker age in decoding vocal emotions is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related changes in vocal emotion recognition across the lifespan.
  • To examine how listener age and speaker age interact in vocal emotion perception.
  • To test for an own-age bias in vocal emotion recognition.

Main Methods:

  • 164 participants (children, adolescents, young adults, older adults) performed a vocal emotion categorization task.
  • Nonverbal vocalizations expressing 10 emotions were produced by speakers from four age groups.
  • A forced-choice task was used to assess recognition accuracy.

Main Results:

  • Vocal emotion recognition accuracy increased from childhood to young adulthood and decreased in older adulthood.
  • Recognition patterns varied by emotion; some developed faster and declined later.
  • Vocalizations from older adults were less accurately recognized than those from other age groups.
  • An own-age bias was observed only in children.

Conclusions:

  • Both listener and speaker age significantly influence vocal emotion decoding.
  • Findings contribute to understanding the developmental trajectory of auditory emotion perception.
  • The study highlights age-related complexities in processing vocal emotional cues across the lifespan.