Intrinsic Thermal Desorption in a 3D Printed Multifunctional Composite CO₂ Sorbent with Embedded Heating Capability

Efficient removal of CO₂ from enclosed environments is a significant challenge, particularly in human space flight where strict restrictions on mass and volume are present. To address this issue, this study describes the use of a multimaterial, layer-by-layer, additive manufacturing technique to directly print a structured multifunctional composite for CO₂ sorption with embedded, intrinsic, heating capability to facilitate thermal desorption, removing the need for an external heat source from the system. This multifunctional composite is coprinted from an ink formulation based on zeolite 13X, and an electrically conductive sorbent ink formulation, which includes metal particles blended with the zeolite. The composites are characterized using analytical and imaging tools and then tested for CO₂ adsorption/desorption. The resistivity of the conductive sorbent is <2 mΩ m, providing a temperature increase up to 200 °C under 7 V applied bias, which is sufficient to trigger CO₂ desorption. The CO₂ adsorption capability of the conductive zeolite ink appears to be unaffected by the presence of the conductive particles, meaning a large fraction of the total mass of the structured composite device is functional.