Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

2.2K
Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
2.2K
Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers01:48

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers

59.3K
Skeletal muscles continuously produce ATP to provide the energy that enables muscle contractions. Skeletal muscle fibers can be categorized into three types based on differences in their contraction speed and how they produce ATP, as well as physical differences related to these factors. Most human muscles contain all three muscle fiber types, albeit in varying proportions.
Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers
Slow oxidative, muscle fibers appear red due to large numbers of capillaries and high levels of...
59.3K
Generation of Action Potential in Skeletal Muscles01:24

Generation of Action Potential in Skeletal Muscles

8.2K
Every cell in the body maintains a membrane potential due to an uneven distribution of positive and negative charges across its plasma membrane. The membrane potential is measured in millivolts and quantifies the difference in charge across the membrane.
Like neurons, muscle cells are also regarded as excitable due to their capacity to change in response to stimuli, primarily due to voltage-gated ion channels embedded in their plasma membranes, which get activated by alterations in the...
8.2K
Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscles01:20

Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscles

13.6K
Excitation-contraction coupling is a series of events that occur between generating an action potential and initiating a muscle contraction. It occurs at the triad, a structure found in skeletal muscle fibers that comprise a T-tubule and terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum on each side. These triads are visible in longitudinally sectioned muscle fibers. They are typically located at the A-I junction — the junction between the A and I bands of the sarcomere.
When an action...
13.6K
Overview of Skeletal Muscle01:15

Overview of Skeletal Muscle

14.2K
Skeletal muscles are composed of a bundle of muscle fibers and are attached to bones through tendons. Each skeletal muscle fiber is a single muscle cell. The sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle cell, consists of a lipid bilayer and glycocalyx that supports muscle fibers. The sarcolemma extends into the muscle cells to form tubular structures called transverse or T-tubules. Each side of the T-tubules consists of a membrane-bound structure called the sarcoplasmic reticulum,...
14.2K
Types of Skeletal Muscle Fibers01:32

Types of Skeletal Muscle Fibers

4.0K
Skeletal muscles comprise various fibers, each with distinct characteristics and roles in movement and stability. They are mainly categorized into three types — fast-twitch, slow-twitch, and intermediate.
Fast-twitch fibers
Fast-twitch fibers, or Type II fibers, are designed for quick, powerful bursts of speed and strength. They reach peak tension within approximately 0.01 seconds following stimulation. Characterized by a large diameter and densely packed myofibrils, these fibers contain...
4.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Aerobic capacity at age 34 predicts arterial stiffness in age 63, independent of classical and advanced lipid-related cardiovascular risk factors: a longitudinal cohort study.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Rise and Fall of Physical Capacity in a General Population: A 47-Year Longitudinal Study.

Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle·2025
Same author

Kynurenines and aerobic exercise capacity in chronic kidney disease: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study.

PloS one·2025
Same author

Exercise limitation in chronic kidney disease: An experimental pilot study with leg and arm exercise.

Physiological reports·2025
Same author

Decreased mitochondrial-related gene expression in adipose tissue after acute sprint exercise in humans: A pilot study.

Physiological reports·2024
Same author

Enhanced interleukin-6 in human adipose tissue vein after sprint exercise: Results from a pilot study.

Clinical physiology and functional imaging·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 5, 2026

Human Skeletal Muscle Biopsy Procedures Using the Modified Bergström Technique
07:20

Human Skeletal Muscle Biopsy Procedures Using the Modified Bergström Technique

Published on: September 10, 2014

42.9K

Acute sprint exercise transcriptome in human skeletal muscle.

Hakan Claes Rundqvist1,2,3, Andreas Montelius1,2,3, Ted Osterlund1,2,3

  • 1Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Plos One
|October 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Acute sprint exercise significantly alters skeletal muscle gene expression, impacting muscle mass turnover and lipid metabolism. Hormonal changes and free fatty acids play a role in these responses.

More Related Videos

Measurement of Insulin- and Contraction-Stimulated Glucose Uptake in Isolated and Incubated Mature Skeletal Muscle from Mice
08:01

Measurement of Insulin- and Contraction-Stimulated Glucose Uptake in Isolated and Incubated Mature Skeletal Muscle from Mice

Published on: May 16, 2021

6.5K
Skeletal Muscle Gender Dimorphism from Proteomics
09:29

Skeletal Muscle Gender Dimorphism from Proteomics

Published on: December 14, 2011

12.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 5, 2026

Human Skeletal Muscle Biopsy Procedures Using the Modified Bergström Technique
07:20

Human Skeletal Muscle Biopsy Procedures Using the Modified Bergström Technique

Published on: September 10, 2014

42.9K
Measurement of Insulin- and Contraction-Stimulated Glucose Uptake in Isolated and Incubated Mature Skeletal Muscle from Mice
08:01

Measurement of Insulin- and Contraction-Stimulated Glucose Uptake in Isolated and Incubated Mature Skeletal Muscle from Mice

Published on: May 16, 2021

6.5K
Skeletal Muscle Gender Dimorphism from Proteomics
09:29

Skeletal Muscle Gender Dimorphism from Proteomics

Published on: December 14, 2011

12.9K

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Sprint exercise induces significant metabolic and hormonal stress.
  • Understanding the molecular response of skeletal muscle to acute exercise is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the global gene expression changes in skeletal muscle following acute sprint exercise.
  • To identify novel genes and pathways involved in the response to sprint exercise.

Main Methods:

  • Healthy participants (n=14) underwent three all-out cycle sprints.
  • Muscle biopsies and blood samples were collected pre- and post-exercise.
  • Microarray analysis was used to assess gene expression.

Main Results:

  • Upregulation of immediate early genes (FOS, NR4A3, EGR1, JUNB) in skeletal muscle.
  • Gene signatures indicated enhanced muscle mass turnover and lipid metabolism.
  • Increased circulating free fatty acids, growth hormone, and insulin correlated with gene expression changes.

Conclusions:

  • This is the first study to report global gene expression in skeletal muscle after acute sprint exercise.
  • Both muscle hypertrophy and atrophy factors were regulated, suggesting complex adaptations.
  • Systemic hormonal and free fatty acid exposure likely influences sprint exercise-induced gene expression changes.