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Related Concept Videos

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

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Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
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Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
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Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
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Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating...
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The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
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Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention
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Does smoking increase the anesthetic requirement?

Erdoğan Öztürk1, Mustafa Said Aydoğan2, Kazım Karaaslan3

  • 1İstanbul Özel Memorial Hizmet Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences
|October 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Active and passive smoking increase the need for anesthetic agents like propofol and remifentanil during surgery. Smokers required significantly more propofol and remifentanil compared to non-smokers.

Keywords:
Smokingenvironmental tobacco smokeanesthetic agent consumption

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Smoking is a prevalent habit with known adverse health effects.
  • Perioperative outcomes can be influenced by various patient factors, including smoking status.
  • Understanding the impact of smoking on anesthetic requirements is crucial for patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of active and passive smoking on anesthetic and analgesic consumption.
  • To compare the perioperative drug requirements between active smokers, passive smokers, and non-smokers.

Main Methods:

  • Patients were categorized into three groups: active smokers (S), passive smokers (PS), and non-smokers (NS).
  • All participants received total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA).
  • The primary outcome measured was the total consumption of propofol and remifentanil.

Main Results:

  • Active smokers (S) required significantly higher doses of propofol for induction and total consumption compared to passive smokers (PS) and non-smokers (NS).
  • Passive smokers (PS) consumed significantly more propofol than non-smokers (NS).
  • Active smokers (S) also showed significantly higher remifentanil consumption compared to non-smokers (NS).

Conclusions:

  • Both active and passive smoking necessitate increased amounts of anesthetics to achieve adequate anesthetic depth during surgical procedures.
  • These findings highlight the importance of considering smoking status when planning anesthesia and managing perioperative analgesia.