Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 5, 2026

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection
Published on: June 24, 2025
Incidence and Severity of Catheter-Related Bladder Discomfort Among Nonurological Adult Patients in a Postanesthesia
Heidi Bach1, Karin Kaasby1, Annette Sørensen1
1Clinic for Anesthesiology, Child Diseases, Circulation and Women, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark.
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence and severity of catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD) among nonurological adult patients in a postanesthesia care unit with catheter sizes of 10 to 18 Fr.
Design:
Descriptive, prospective, and quantitative study.
Methods:
In all, 401 patients were included. Incidence and severity of CRBD were assessed upon arrival and 1 hour after arrival.
Findings:
CRBD incidence was 17.2% (n = 69) on arrival versus 19.1 (n = 74) 1 hour after arrival. Male gender showed a significantly higher risk of developing CRBD upon arrival (odds ratio, 3.15; P = .000; 95% confidence interval, 1.78 to 5.59), and 1 hour after arrival (odds ratio, 2.34; P = .002; 95% confidence interval, 1.38 to 3.99).
Conclusions:
The findings suggest using a catheter as small as possible and confirm that men experience significantly more discomfort, whatever sized catheter is used.
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