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Fungal-bacterial diversity and microbiome complexity predict ecosystem functioning.

Cameron Wagg1,2,3, Klaus Schlaeppi4,5, Samiran Banerjee4

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|October 26, 2019
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Summary
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Soil microbiome diversity and complex microbial networks boost ecosystem functions like nutrient cycling. Reduced microbial richness and simpler networks impair these vital functions, highlighting the importance of belowground ecological interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Microbiology
  • Soil Science

Background:

  • The soil microbiome is a major component of Earth's biodiversity, yet its precise role in ecosystem functioning is not fully understood.
  • Understanding the relationship between microbial diversity, community interactions, and ecosystem services is crucial for soil health and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how soil microbiome diversity and network complexity influence ecosystem functions, particularly nutrient cycling.
  • To determine the impact of microbial richness and functional uniqueness on grassland ecosystem multifunctionality.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental manipulation of soil microbiomes in grassland microcosms.
  • Assessment of microbial diversity, network complexity, and multiple ecosystem functions, including nutrient cycling.
  • Analysis of the roles of microbial taxa and functional diversity in ecosystem performance.

Main Results:

  • Increased microbiome diversity and microbial network complexity positively correlated with enhanced ecosystem multifunctionality.
  • Microcosms with reduced microbial richness and less complex networks exhibited lower multifunctionality.
  • Specific microbial taxa were linked to distinct ecosystem functions, emphasizing the significance of functional diversity.

Conclusions:

  • Soil microbial diversity and intricate network interactions are critical drivers of ecosystem functioning and nutrient cycling.
  • The loss of microbial taxa and complex ecological associations belowground can significantly impair ecosystem performance.
  • Maintaining soil microbial complexity is essential for robust and resilient ecosystem services.