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Related Experiment Videos

Suicide and suicide risk.

Gustavo Turecki1, David A Brent2, David Gunnell3,4

  • 1McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. gustavo.turecki@mcgill.ca.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|October 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

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Suicide risk is complex, influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors. Research is improving risk assessment and prevention strategies to reduce suicide deaths globally.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Public Health
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Global suicide fatality rates have decreased, but some countries, like the USA, are experiencing increases.
  • Suicide and suicidal behavior remain significant public health and policy challenges.
  • The etiology of suicide is multifactorial, encompassing biological, psychological, clinical, social, and environmental influences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the complex factors contributing to suicide risk.
  • To highlight the challenges in accurately assessing individual suicide risk.
  • To review current and emerging strategies for suicide prevention and management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on suicide risk factors and prevention.
  • Discussion of advancements in risk assessment tools, including computer testing and genetic screening.

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  • Examination of various intervention approaches, including psychological and pharmacological treatments.

    • Main Results:

    • Suicide risk is determined by a complex interplay of multiple factors, making individual risk assessment challenging.
    • Research is ongoing to enhance suicide risk assessment through methods like genetic screening.
    • A combination of universal, selective, and indicated interventions, alongside treatments and public health initiatives, is crucial for managing suicidal individuals.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective suicide prevention requires a comprehensive approach addressing biological, psychological, and social determinants.
    • Continued research into risk assessment and multifaceted interventions is vital for reducing suicide deaths and associated morbidity.
    • Integrated strategies involving healthcare, public health, and social support are essential for improving outcomes for individuals at risk of suicide.