Surgical treatment strategy for esophagogastric junction cancers based on the tumor diameter

The number of patients with esophagogastric junction (EGJ) cancers has tended to increase. However, no clear consensus on the optimum treatment policy has yet been reached.

This study included patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of Sievert type II in whom resection was performed in our hospital. We performed a clinicopathological examination, and patients were divided into two groups by the tumor size: L group, tumor size ≥4 cm; and S group, tumor size < 4 cm. The clinical factors, such as nodal dissection and recurrence pattern, were then analyzed.

A total of 48 patients were diagnosed with ECJ cancers. The average tumor size was 55.1 mm, and 32 cases (66.7%) had tumors ≥4 cm. Metastasis to the mediastinum was noted in 4 cases (12.5%) in the L group but none in the S group. Recurrence in the upper or middle mediastinum lymph nodes was noted in 3 cases (9.4%) in the L group. The 5-year overall survival rates were 49.7 and 83.9% in the L and S groups, respectively.

As the tumor grows large, it is difficult to accurately judge EGJ on the image, and as a result it is difficult to understand the exact esophageal invasion distance of the tumor. Therefore, lymph node dissection including the upper mediastinum is considered vital, regardless of the degree of esophageal invasion.