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Phase separation-deficient TDP43 remains functional in splicing.

Hermann Broder Schmidt1, Ariana Barreau2, Rajat Rohatgi3,4

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. shb@stanford.edu.

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|October 27, 2019
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Summary

Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) in TDP43 drive phase separation, but this property is not essential for its RNA splicing function. Understanding TDP43

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are crucial protein domains involved in phase transitions.
  • TDP43, an RNA processing factor, contains IDRs and is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases.
  • The role of TDP43's phase separation in its cellular functions is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between TDP43's phase separation properties and its splicing function.
  • To identify the molecular determinants governing TDP43 phase behavior within its IDR.
  • To elucidate whether phase separation is a prerequisite for TDP43's physiological roles.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic mutagenesis of TDP43's IDR, guided by evolutionary sequence analysis.
  • Live-cell reporter assays to monitor TDP43 phase dynamics.
  • Quantitative assessment of TDP43's splicing activity on reporter and endogenous targets.

Main Results:

  • Regularly spaced hydrophobic motifs within TDP43's IDR, separated by flexible hydrophilic segments, are key determinants of its phase properties.
  • A framework was developed to customize TDP43 condensate material properties and assess effects on splicing.
  • A TDP43 mutant unable to phase-separate at physiological concentrations retained efficient splicing activity.

Conclusions:

  • TDP43's ability to undergo phase separation is not essential for its splicing function.
  • The structural motifs governing phase separation differ from those critical for splicing activity.
  • This research reframes the understanding of TDP43's function in health and disease.