Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 5, 2026
08:33
An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
Published on: June 6, 2014
12.0K
Fifty years of thyroid pathology: concepts and developments
Zubair Baloch1, Virginia A LiVolsi1
1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce Street, 6 Founders Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA, 19104.
Human Pathology
|October 27, 2019
Summary
Pathology of thyroid diseases has advanced significantly, particularly in diagnosing neoplastic lesions. Modern techniques like molecular analysis and fine needle aspiration biopsy are now standard for thyroid tumor evaluation.
Area of Science:
- Pathology
- Oncology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Thyroid diseases, especially neoplastic lesions, have seen significant advancements in the last 50 years.
- Histopathologists and cytopathologists play a crucial role in understanding and defining these conditions.
- Traditional diagnostic methods are evolving with new technologies.
Observation:
- Description of new thyroid neoplastic entities and definition of prognostically significant lesions.
- Integration of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) for risk stratification in thyroid nodule evaluation.
- Application of molecular analysis to understand thyroid tumor development and parameters.
Findings:
- Molecular techniques are becoming standard care for thyroid tumors, improving diagnostic and prognostic accuracy.
- Pathologists are central to defining and understanding thyroid disease advancements.
Implications:
- Practicing pathologists need to stay updated on these critical developments in thyroid pathology.
- Enhanced understanding aids in clinical evaluation and therapeutic recommendations for patients with thyroid nodules and tumors.
Related Concept Videos
01:23The Thyroid Gland
6.5K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
6.5K
01:20Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones
6.9K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
6.9K
01:18Functions of Thyroid Hormones
4.8K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
4.8K
00:59The Parathyroid Glands
4.2K
The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
4.2K
00:51Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin
4.0K
Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
4.0K
01:20Anatomical Terminology
24.5K
Knowledge of anatomy is essential to understand human biology and medicine. Anatomists and health care professionals use standard terminology to describe the human body with more precision and no ambiguity. Anatomical terms have mostly Greek and Latin-derived roots. Because these languages are rarely used in conversation, the meaning of words remains the same. Each term is made up of a root in between the prefixes and suffixes. The root of a term often refers to an organ, tissue, or condition,...
24.5K