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Related Concept Videos

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Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
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In cardiovascular health, antianginal drugs combat angina pectoris — a condition marked by chest pain owing to diminished blood flow to the heart.
Organic nitrates,  such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow....
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 5, 2026

Assessing Endothelial Vasodilator Function with the Endo-PAT 2000
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Published on: October 15, 2010

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Non-nutritional sweeteners effects on endothelial vascular function.

Concetta Schiano1, Vincenzo Grimaldi1, Monica Franzese2

  • 1Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.

Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA
|October 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Unlike glucose and fructose, steviol glycosides do not harm endothelial cells, suggesting potential benefits for cardiovascular health. Further research is needed to confirm their long-term safety.

Keywords:
CardiovascularDiabetesEndotheliumSweetener

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Hyperglycemia contributes to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease.
  • Sweeteners are widely used to manage blood glucose but their metabolic impact is concerning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of glucose, fructose, and non-caloric sweeteners on human endothelial cells.
  • To assess the impact of these substances on endothelial function, angiogenesis, and gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Human endothelial cells were exposed to glucose, fructose, aspartame, rebaudioside A, stevioside, or steviol.
  • Analysis included morphological changes, in vitro angiogenesis assays, and gene expression profiling.

Main Results:

  • High glucose and fructose impaired endothelial cell angiogenic capability and altered expression of cardiovascular risk biomarkers (CX3CL1, HPRT1).
  • Non-caloric sweeteners, including steviol glycosides, did not significantly affect endothelial cell characteristics or angiogenic potential.
  • Gene expression changes observed with glucose and fructose were not replicated with steviol glycosides.

Conclusions:

  • Steviol glycosides appear to be non-detrimental to endothelial cells, unlike glucose and fructose.
  • Further preclinical and clinical studies are necessary to validate the long-term safety and efficacy of steviol glycosides.