Energy transfer mechanisms in pH-tuned aggregates of curcumin

Curcumin ((1,7-bis-(4-hidroxi-3-metoxifenil)-1,6-heptadieno-3,5-diona)), is a natural yellow-orange polyphenol dye, obtained from Curcuma longa rhizomes, with vast potential in the biotechnology field, such as anti - inflammatory and cancer preventive properties, and a very environmental-sensible structure, mostly resulting in aggregate formations, with low solubility in aqueous solvents and remarkable pH dependence. Hence, it is essential to comprehend its aggregation mechanisms, optical properties and conformational equilibrium to develop curcumin-based drugs and biomaterials for several applications. With the purpose of understand such concepts and its properties, the results presented in this work, obtained through spectroscopic measurements and the Hill's modeling, show a conformational equilibrium, driven by pH, between the enol-enolate and aggregated forms in curcumin, and the respective energy transfer processes between these species. Additionally, the photophysical mechanisms for the energy transfer between aggregated forms, observed with the ellipsometry measurements, showed an "all-or-nothing" character, pointing to a very complex conformation for curcumin aggregates.