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Hypertension and Acromegaly

Soraya Puglisi1, Massimo Terzolo1

  • 1Internal Medicine 1, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano 10043, Italy.

Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
|October 28, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Hypertension frequently complicates acromegaly, affecting about a third of patients. Early diagnosis and treatment of high blood pressure are crucial, irrespective of growth hormone control.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Hypertension is a common complication in acromegaly, occurring in a significant percentage of patients.
  • The exact mechanisms driving hypertension in acromegaly are not fully understood but involve fluid volume, vascular resistance, and sleep apnea.
  • The impact of normalizing growth hormone and IGF-1 levels on blood pressure remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the prevalence and discuss the pathogenesis of hypertension in acromegaly.
  • To emphasize the importance of early hypertension diagnosis and management in acromegaly patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing data on hypertension in acromegaly.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to elevated blood pressure in acromegalic patients.

Main Results:

  • Hypertension is observed in a median of 33.6% of acromegaly cases.
  • Potential contributing factors include extracellular fluid expansion, increased vascular resistance, and sleep apnea syndrome.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of hypertension are essential for acromegaly patients.
  • Antihypertensive management should be prioritized, independent of acromegaly treatment specifics or biochemical control levels.

Keywords:
Antihypertensive treatmentBlood pressureCardiovascular complicationCardiovascular riskMortalityPathogenesisPrevalenceSleep apnea

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