Analgesia and Pain Management
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview
General Anesthesia: Overview
Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia
Stages of General Anesthesia
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Updated: Jan 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: A Non-Intubated Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery with Multimodal Analgesia and Sevoflurane Inhalation Anesthesia
Published on: May 26, 2023
Alisha Bhatia1, Asokumar Buvanendran1
1Rush University Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Multimodal analgesia (MMA) optimizes pain relief by combining non-opioid and opioid medications, reducing opioid use and side effects. This approach enhances recovery after surgery and improves patient outcomes.
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