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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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Effective connectivity in autism.

Edmund T Rolls1,2,3, Yunyi Zhou3, Wei Cheng3

  • 1Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.

Autism Research : Official Journal of the International Society for Autism Research
|October 29, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals altered brain connectivity patterns in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Individuals with ASD show weaker directed connections from temporal areas to self-perception regions, potentially impacting social understanding.

Keywords:
amygdalaautismeffective connectivityface expressionprecuneustemporal cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
  • Brain Connectivity

Background:

  • Understanding the neural underpinnings of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is crucial for developing targeted interventions.
  • Previous research has focused on functional connectivity, but effective connectivity (EC) offers insights into directed interactions between brain regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in effective connectivity (EC) between brain areas in individuals with ASD compared to neurotypical controls.
  • To explore the relationship between altered EC patterns and clinical symptoms in ASD.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) dataset.
  • Measurement of EC between 94 brain areas in 394 individuals with ASD and 473 controls.
  • Correlation analysis between EC measures and Autism Diagnostic Observational Schedule (ADOS) scores.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with ASD exhibited lower EC from temporal lobe areas (e.g., middle temporal gyrus) to the precuneus and cuneus, correlating with ASD severity and social/communication deficits.
  • Increased EC from the hippocampus and amygdala to the middle temporal gyrus was observed in ASD.
  • Altered EC patterns were also noted in prefrontal cortex interactions and between the temporal pole and ventromedial prefrontal cortex.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest that atypical directed brain connectivity, particularly involving regions crucial for self-perception and social cognition, may underlie core features of ASD.
  • Altered EC may contribute to difficulties in processing social cues and emotional information in individuals with ASD.
  • This large-scale study highlights the importance of investigating effective connectivity for a comprehensive understanding of autism neurobiology.