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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Surgical Complications
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Gossypiboma, a foreign body retained after surgery, originates from the Latin 'gossypium' (cotton) and Swahili 'boma' (place of concealment).
  • Encapsulated gossypibomas can be misdiagnosed as tumorous lesions or abscesses on imaging due to variable, non-specific clinical features.
  • This diagnostic challenge contributes to significant patient morbidity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize available evidence on the occurrence of gossypibomas in neurosurgical procedures.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and implications of retained surgical sponges in neurosurgery.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review was conducted across multiple databases (PubMed, Ebsco Host, Embase, Mediclatina, Cochrane, Lilacs, Scopus).
  • Searches included English and Spanish articles from the last 15 years (Jan-June 2019) using keywords: 'gossypiboma', 'textiloma', 'neurosurgery', 'neurosurgical procedures'.
  • 22 case reports involving 36 patients were selected for the review.

Main Results:

  • Surgical sponges were identified as the cause of gossypiboma in 20 out of 36 cases (55.6%).
  • The study identified 36 patients, with a mean age of 56.1 years, and 58.3% were female.
  • Gossypibomas presented with non-specific signs and symptoms, ranging from days to years post-surgery.

Conclusions:

  • Gossypiboma is a post-surgical complication with non-specific clinical presentations.
  • The delayed presentation of gossypiboma can lead to significant medical and legal implications.
  • Increased awareness and diagnostic vigilance are necessary for retained surgical materials in neurosurgery.