Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 5, 2026
06:43
Increased Recovery Time and Decreased LPS Administration to Study the Vagus Nerve Stimulation Mechanisms in Limited Inflammatory Responses
Published on: March 29, 2017
10.3K
Splenic anti-inflammatory reflex in immune tolerance
Jonatas E Nogueira1, Brenda K L Agostinho2, Clarissa M D Mota3
1School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
Journal of Thermal Biology
|October 29, 2019
Summary
Repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections induce immune tolerance by reducing inflammation. This study found that the splenic anti-inflammatory reflex does not play a role in this endotoxin tolerance in rats.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Neuroscience
- Physiology
Background:
- Repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration induces immune tolerance, a crucial mechanism for preventing excessive inflammation.
- Endogenous anti-inflammatory effects involve brain-mediated pathways, but the role of the splenic anti-inflammatory reflex in immune tolerance remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the involvement of the splenic anti-inflammatory reflex in the development of endotoxin tolerance.
Main Methods:
- Rats underwent either splenectomy or sham surgery.
- Immune tolerance was induced via five consecutive daily intraperitoneal LPS injections.
- Body core temperature, plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were measured.
Main Results:
- Splenectomized rats exhibited a similar reduction in febrile response to repeated LPS administration compared to sham-operated rats.
- Pro-inflammatory cytokine and PGE2 surges observed after the initial LPS dose were absent in tolerant rats, irrespective of splenectomy.
- Preoptic PGE2 levels followed the same pattern as plasma cytokines.
Conclusions:
- The splenic anti-inflammatory reflex does not appear to modulate immune tolerance induced by repeated LPS administration in rats.
Related Concept Videos
01:28Inflammatory Response
15.8K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
15.8K
01:20Special Features of Adaptive Immunity
2.8K
The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
2.8K
01:24T Cell Types and Functions
2.0K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
2.0K
01:40Cell-mediated Immune Responses
83.2K
Overview
83.2K
01:15Secondary Lymphoid Organs
8.7K
Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
8.7K
01:01Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
3.8K
All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
3.8K