Body- and Movement-Oriented Interventions for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

To assess the efficacy of body- and movement-oriented interventions (BMOIs) in traumatized adults with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of pertinent literature. Four bibliographical databases (PsycINFO, Ovid MEDLINE(R), EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched using keywords and text words for trials on BMOIs addressing PTSD. The search included articles published between October 2005 and August 2017. Studies were included if participants were adults suffering from PTSD, if BMOIs were the therapeutic strategy under investigation, and if a psychometrically evaluated standardized outcome measure for PTSD was used. No limitations for control conditions were applied. Hedges' g was computed as the effect size (ES) for the treatment versus control condition. The meta-analysis included 15 studies, which resulted in a mean ES of g = 0.85, 95% CI [0.31, 1.39], with very high heterogeneity, I² = 91%. After removing one study as outlier, a mean effect size of g = 0.56, 95% CI [0.29, 0.82] (i.e., medium effect), still with considerable heterogeneity, I² = 57%, was found. BMOIs seem to be effective in reducing symptoms of PTSD, but more research is needed to identify working mechanisms and to determine which types of intervention are most effective for various subgroups of patients.