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Spousal Relative Income and Male Psychological Distress.

Joanna Syrda1

  • 1University of Bath, School of Management, UK.

Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin
|October 30, 2019
PubMed
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Husbands experience significant psychological distress when their wives earn too little or too much income. This U-shaped relationship highlights societal pressures and gender norms impacting men

Keywords:
gendermale psychological distressmarriagepanel data estimationspousal relative income

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Psychology
  • Economics

Background:

  • Traditional gender roles often associate men with being the primary breadwinners.
  • Shifts in female labor force participation challenge these traditional roles.
  • Understanding the psychological impact of changing income dynamics on men is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between a wife's relative income share and a husband's psychological distress.
  • To explore the influence of gender norms and economic dependence on male psychological well-being within marriage.
  • To examine potential moderating effects of marital selection on this relationship.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (2001-2015).
  • Analyzed 19,688 observations from 6,035 households.
  • Employed statistical modeling to assess the U-shaped relationship between wife's income share and husband's distress, controlling for total household income.

Main Results:

  • A significant U-shaped relationship was found between wife's relative income and husband's psychological distress.
  • Distress was lowest when wives contributed 40% of household income, increasing as men became sole earners or were outearned.
  • This pattern was less pronounced in wives' self-reported distress and absent in couples where wives initially outearned husbands.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest that both sole breadwinning stress and gender norm deviance contribute to male psychological distress.
  • Marital selection plays a role, as couples with established wife-earning dynamics show different distress patterns.
  • The study underscores the complex interplay of economic factors, gender roles, and psychological well-being in contemporary marriages.