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Updated: Jan 5, 2026

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field
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[Handball injuries and their prevention].

C Mayer1, A Rühlemann2, M Jäger3

  • 1Universitätsklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Pattbergstraße 1, 45239, Essen, Deutschland. constantin.mayer@uk-essen.de.

Der Orthopade
|October 30, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Knee stability differs between male and female handball players, highlighting gender-specific risk factors. This data provides objective measures for screening and injury prevention programs in athletes.

Keywords:
AthletesHandballInjuryKnee jointReference valuesReturn to sportTrauma

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Handball is a popular but high-risk sport in Germany, with a high incidence of knee injuries.
  • Knee injuries are more prevalent in handball professionals than soccer players.
  • Lack of standardized definitions and objective measures for functional knee stability hinders injury prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish valid reference data for functional knee stability in amateur handball players.
  • To utilize an established test battery for objective measurement of knee stability.
  • To identify potential gender-specific differences in functional knee stability.

Main Methods:

  • Screened 261 amateur handball athletes (130 female, 131 male) during the preseason.
  • Employed a test battery including counter movement jumps (single and double leg), balance tests, agility, parkour, quick feet test, and plyometric jumps.
  • Collected objective measures of functional knee stability.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences were observed between male and female athletes in balance scores, favoring females (p ≤ 0.001).
  • Males showed significantly better performance in jump height, agility, and speed tests (p ≤ 0.002-0.001).
  • These findings indicate gender-specific performance levels in functional knee stability tests.

Conclusions:

  • Gender-specific differences in functional knee stability highlight interindividual risk factors in handball.
  • These findings necessitate consideration of gender-specific attributes in screening and prevention programs.
  • The collected data can serve as objective reference measures for return-to-sports decisions post-injury.